Observational studyAesthetic plastic surgery2026
The Impact of Full-Incision Double-Eyelid Blepharoplasty on Dry Eye: Association with Short-Term Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Increased Incomplete Blinking.
Observational study in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study aims to comprehensively evaluate the short-term changes in ocular surface parameters and meibomian gland function following Full-incision double-eyelid blepharoplast.
methodsIn this observational self-controlled study, 50 patients (100 eyes) undergoing full-incision double-eyelid blepharoplasty were enrolled. Assessments were conducted preoperatively and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. These included the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, fluorescein tear film break-up time (FBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), Schirmer I test, meibum quality, meibomian gland expressibility, meibomian gland dropout (excluding 1-week), lipid layer thickness (LLT), and incomplete blinking rate (IBR). Statistical comparisons were performed using ANOVA with post-hoc analysis.
resultsCompared to baseline, OSDI scores, meibum quality, meibomian gland expressibility, and IBR showed statistically significant deterioration at both 1 week and 1 month post-surgery (all p < 0.001). In contrast, no significant changes were observed in FBUT, CFS, Schirmer I test, LLT, or meibomian gland dropout at any time point. By the 3-month follow-up, all significantly altered parameters-OSDI, meibum quality, expressibility, and IBR-had recovered to levels that were not statistically different from preoperative baseline values.
conclusionsFull-incision double-eyelid blepharoplasty induces a transient but significant dysfunction of the ocular surface and meibomian glands in the early postoperative period, which is closely associated with a sharp increase in incomplete blinking. These findings underscore the importance of proactive postoperative management, including dry eye counseling, artificial tears, and blink training, to enhance patient comfort during the recovery phase. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Indexed as
Identifiers
42286332What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.