ReviewBritish dental journal2026
Dens invaginatus: a clinical update and a proposed new three-dimensional classification.
Review in British dental journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dens invaginatus is a developmental anomaly characterised by enamel and dentine infolding, resulting in highly variable internal anatomy that can complicate diagnosis, treatment planning and long-term prognosis. Traditional two-dimensional classifications such as Oehler's Classification do not fully reflect the morphological complexity of invaginations which can now be evaluated with cone beam computed tomography. This paper provides an updated clinical overview of the aetiology, developmental principles, diagnostic features and key considerations for the management of dens invaginatus.A new three-dimensional classification - the Manchester Classification - is introduced which assesses the vertical extent of the invagination, its horizontal morphology and the proximity to the main canal. This classification offers a more detailed and clinically relevant representation of this anomaly, supporting more predictable diagnostic interpretation and treatment planning.Management recommendations informed by the Manchester Classification are outlined, offering structured guidance for a range of clinical presentations. The classification is intended to support clinical decision-making and bridge the gap between specialist endodontic understanding and general practice. Early recognition and three-dimensionally informed treatment planning have the potential to improve outcomes for teeth affected by dens invaginatus.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.