Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42286249›Full record

ArticleNature biomedical engineering2026

Lipid nanoparticle composition directs systemic trafficking and tissue-specific T cell immunity after intramuscular injection.

Christine Wei, Yining Zhu, Xiaoya Lu, Kailei D Goodier, Di Yu, Xiang Liu, Joseph Choy, Alejandro Téllez Calderón, Yunhe Su, Jingyao Ma and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Christine Wei *Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-0831-6813
Yining Zhu *Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. yzhu92@jhmi.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7178-0097
Xiaoya LuInstitute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Kailei D GoodierInstitute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-2397-2079
Di YuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Xiang LiuInstitute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Joseph ChoyInstitute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6282-9437
Alejandro Téllez CalderónInstitute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Yunhe SuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-6319-7858
Jingyao MaInstitute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Jinghan LinInstitute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-1475-1895
Shuyi LiInstitute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Jonathan P SchneckDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5346-2776
Sean C MurphyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. murphysc@uw.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2048-0131
Hai-Quan MaoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. hmao@jhu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4262-9988

Funding

TR&D Project 3P41EB028239 · NIBIB · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Jordan Green, JONATHAN P SCHNECK · 2019 to 2026
$11.5M
Development of an oral liver-targeted prime-and-trap malaria vaccineU01AI155313 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI MURPHY, SEAN C · 2021 to 2025
$4.1M
NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI155313U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) U01AI155313U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) P41EB028239
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Messenger RNA lipid nanoparticles are promising vaccine carriers, yet their movement through the body after intramuscular injection and the resulting tissue-specific immune effects remain poorly defined. Here we show that lipid nanoparticle trafficking from the injection site into systemic organs is a key determinant of localized immunity, particularly the formation of tissue-resident cytotoxic T cells. We compared multiple nanoparticle formulations that differed in lipid composition, including ionizable lipids and helper lipids commonly used in clinical vaccines. These formulations exhibited distinct trafficking behaviours: some remained largely at the injection site, whereas others entered the bloodstream and preferentially accumulated in organs such as the liver or lungs. Organ-specific accumulation resulted in corresponding differences in antigen expression and local cytotoxic T cell responses. Nanoparticles that more efficiently reached the liver elicited stronger liver-resident T cell immunity and improved control of liver tumours in mice. Our findings demonstrate that tuning lipid composition can direct the systemic movement and organ targeting of messenger RNA nanoparticles, enabling the design of vaccines that promote durable, tissue-specific protection for diseases where local immunity is essential.

Identifiers

PMID42286249

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.