ArticlePest management science2026
Synergistic transition from type-I-like to type-II-like symptomology in a pyrethroid mixture and its impact on knockdown-mortality relationships in Musca domestica L.
Article in Pest management science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
backgroundKnockdown effect, especially in pyrethroid-based household and public insecticides, is often considered a practical indicator of insecticidal efficacy. However, whether faster knockdown implies lethality remains uncertain because the relationship between the two effects has not been systematically explored. This study examined whether knockdown speed is associated with mortality across type-I pyrethroids, type-II pyrethroids, and organophosphate insecticides in the house fly.
resultsFor type-I pyrethroids, faster knockdown did not predict higher mortality. Early knockdown did not necessarily lead to lethality, and no significant differences were observed among LD
conclusionKnockdown speed should not be used as a proxy for lethality for type-I pyrethroids, highlighting class- and mixture-dependent dynamics between knockdown and mortality. These findings support regulatory and operational decisions that consider knockdown and mortality as distinct performance endpoints, particularly when substantiating claims such as 'quick kill' or 'kills on contact' for pesticide registration. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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