Observational studyJournal of epidemiology and community health2026
Socioeconomic inequalities in the quality of care for long-term conditions in England: retrospective, observational study of electronic primary care records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.
Observational study in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVariation in primary care quality across social groups contributes to health inequalities. We examined achievement rates for quality-of-care indicators among patients attending primary care practices in England, comparing rates for patients living in the most and least deprived areas.
methodsWe analysed electronic health records from 2.2 million patients in 2019/2020, registered with 300 practices contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum database. Patients were grouped by neighbourhood deprivation using the 2019 Index of Multiple Deprivation. We assessed inequality in 35 quality-of-care indicators from the Quality and Outcomes Framework pay-for-performance scheme for 607 126 patients with a relevant long-term condition, calculating differences in (a) age-sex adjusted achievement rates (overall inequality) and (b) rates further adjusted for common practice fixed effects (within-practice inequality) obtained by logistic regression. Rates were calculated for all patients with relevant conditions (population achievement) and the subset not excluded from the scheme by practices (reported achievement).
resultsThere was no consistent socioeconomic pattern in reported achievement of individual indicators overall (across all practices), but within-practice reported achievement was significantly lower for patients in more deprived areas for eight indicators. Population achievement was significantly lower for patients in more deprived areas for 13 indicators, reflecting higher exclusion rates. Population achievement was higher in more deprived areas for one indicator. The largest inequalities were for influenza vaccination (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and stroke) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) control (diabetes).
conclusionWithin the same practice, patients from more deprived areas are less likely to receive recommended care for key quality of care indicators.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.