ArticlePLOS global public health2026
Utility of sentinel surveillance as an early warning system for emerging pathogens in a low-resource setting: Correlations of dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and COVID-19 trends between sentinel and passive surveillance systems in Puerto Rico, 2012-2023.
Article in PLOS global public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Economic burden of dengue in Puerto Rico, 2010-2023.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
The representativeness and timeliness of sentinel surveillance for endemic and emerging arboviral and respiratory diseases in low-resource settings are understudied. We compared laboratory-confirmed epidemic dengue, non-epidemic dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and COVID-19 (pre-Omicron and Omicron periods) cases reported in Puerto Rico's Sentinel Enhanced Dengue Surveillance System (SEDSS) with island-wide trends reported by the Department of Health's passive disease surveillance system (PADSS). We plotted trends over time to assess representativeness and used lagged cross-correlations to determine whether SEDSS reporting preceded PADSS. SEDSS trends were representative of island-wide trends for all pathogens. SEDSS preceded reporting in PADSS by up to three, eight, and two weeks for epidemic dengue, Zika, and pre-Omicron COVID-19, respectively. Increasing case trends for chikungunya occurred at broadly similar times in both systems, while temporal concordance was lower for non-epidemic dengue. In Puerto Rico, sentinel surveillance was representative of island-wide trends and could provide early warning for dengue epidemics and emerging diseases, such as Zika and COVID-19.
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