ArticlePloS one2026
Citizen satisfaction with public services in Peru: Regional gaps in citizen perceptions of public service provision.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Citizen satisfaction with public services is a fundamental indicator of government effectiveness and democratic legitimacy in Latin America. However, there is little empirical evidence on regional gaps in countries with high territorial heterogeneity such as Peru. The objective of this study was to determine the differences in levels of citizen satisfaction with public services between the country's coastal, mountain, and jungle regions. A secondary analysis was conducted of the 2024 National Household Survey, corresponding to the Governance, Democracy, and Transparency Module (n = 33,691), evaluating 21 public services using the Citizen Satisfaction Index. Student's t-tests were applied for comparisons between urban and rural areas, one-factor ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests for comparisons between geographic domains, and principal component analysis to explore the dimensional structure. The results revealed statistically significant differences between the eight geographic domains (F = 89.57, p < .001, η² = .022); although this effect size is small, indicating that geographic domain accounts for 2.2% of the variance in satisfaction, the patterns are consistent and policy-relevant. The North Coast (M = 3.09) and Amazon (M = 3.13) showed the lowest satisfaction rates, while the Southern Highlands (M = 3.29) even surpassed Metropolitan Lima. Social programs (51.9%) and the Public Prosecutor's Office (56.4%) obtained the lowest national satisfaction ratings, with the largest regional gaps. Rural areas reported higher satisfaction with public transportation (+7.0%) and public education (+3.5%) than urban areas. A four-dimensional factor structure was identified that explains 46.7% of the variance. It is concluded that territorial gaps are consistent with structural differences in regional institutional capacity, requiring territorially differentiated public policies to reduce inequalities in the provision of state services.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.