Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42283194›Full record

ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2026

Experimental Porcine Astrovirus 4-Associated Tracheitis and Bronchitis in Pigs.

Jazz Q Stephens, Alexandra Buckley, Rachel Derscheid, Rebecca M DuBois, Danielle J Haley, Calvin Ko, Phillip C Gauger, Panchan Sitthicharoenchai, Jennifer Groeltz-Thrush, Michael C Rahe

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jazz Q StephensDepartment of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, ncsu.edu.
Alexandra BuckleyVirus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, USA, usda.gov.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5892-7042
Rachel DerscheidDepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA, iastate.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4402-5862
Rebecca M DuBoisDepartment of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA, ucsc.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4185-5673
Danielle J HaleyDepartment of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA, ucsc.edu.
Calvin KoDepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA, iastate.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6104-8570
Phillip C GaugerDepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA, iastate.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2540-8769
Panchan SitthicharoenchaiDepartment of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, ncsu.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4412-7121
Jennifer Groeltz-ThrushDepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA, iastate.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8888-5461
Michael C RaheDepartment of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, ncsu.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2123-4124

Funding

Swine Health Information Center (SHIC) #23-077
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Porcine astrovirus 4 (PoAstV4) is an emerging pathogen that has previously been associated with respiratory disease in piglets. The objective of this study was to inoculate naïve piglets with PoAstV4 and characterize the host-pathogen interaction and pathological lesions. Cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived (CDCD) piglets were inoculated intratracheally and intranasally with PoAstV4 PCR-positive tissue homogenate previously screened for the presence of other primary pathogens with next-generation sequencing (NGS). Nasal and fecal swabs for PCR identification of PoAstV4 were collected pre and postinoculation. Animals were euthanized at 5, 8, and 21 days postinoculation (DPI) and tissues were collected for histopathologic and digital image analysis. Nasal swabs were PCR positive for PoAstV4 from 2 DPI to 10 DPI. Microscopic lesions of epitheliotropic viral infection of the trachea and bronchi, including epithelial attenuation and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, were found in inoculated pigs at 5 DPI and 8 DPI. PoAstV4 was localized to the lesions demonstrated by in situ hybridization and quantified by digital image analysis. In addition, PoAstV4-inoculated pigs at 8 DPI had an abundance of infiltrating lymphocytes predominated by T cell lymphocytes characterized by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantified using digital image analysis. Both anti-PoAstV4 IgM and IgG were detected in serum, with IgG levels first detectable at 14 DPI and increasing to the end of the study at 21 DPI. The presented findings confirm the respiratory epithelial tropism of PoAstV4 while also characterizing viral shedding and host immune response dynamics.

Indexed as

Astroviridae InfectionsMamastrovirusSwine DiseasesAnimalsSwineTracheabronchitisCDCD pigsimmunohistochemistryin situ hybridizationmachine learningPoAstV4tracheitis

Identifiers

PMID42283194
PMCPMC13261537

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.