ArticleAnnual review of linguistics2026
From Contact to Conversation: Protactile Language, Modality, and Community.
Article in Annual review of linguistics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Protactile language, a tactile language that has emerged within the DeafBlind community in the United States over the past two decades, challenges conventional assumptions about language, modality, and communication. Originating from a grassroots movement to center touch as a valid epistemology, protactile has developed distinct linguistic structures grounded in contact space, reciprocity, and embodied intersubjectivity. This article reviews the emergence and linguistic development of protactile, highlighting key structural innovations and areas of ongoing research. We discuss how protactile reconfigures foundational concepts such as phonology and interactional structure. We also present ethical considerations involved in studying a community-based language-emerging or otherwise-and emphasize the need for research practices grounded in collaboration and accountability. By centering the tactile experience and DeafBlind lived experiences, protactile contributes to a broader understanding of human language, how it functions, and how it emerges within diverse sensory and cultural ecologies.
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