Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42282696›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

Immune activation during broadly neutralizing antibody-mediated HIV suppression prior to post-intervention control.

Julia A Wagner, Demi A Sandel, Ravi K Patel, George W Gruenhagen, Rafael Tibúrcio, Shayleen S Singh, Kaiti Schwartz, Michela Traglia, Pamela Milani, Clara Di Germanio and 15 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Julia A WagnerDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2438-3873
Demi A SandelDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4095-2036
Ravi K PatelUCSF CoLabs Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
George W GruenhagenDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Rafael TibúrcioDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Shayleen S SinghDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Kaiti SchwartzDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Michela TragliaThe Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Pamela MilaniVitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Clara Di GermanioVitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Shlomi IlanRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Thomas DalhuisenDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Rebecca HohDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Meghann C WilliamsDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Michiko ShimodaDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Reuben ThomasThe Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Boris JuelgRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Matthew H SpitzerDepartment of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Amelia N DeitchmanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Michael P BuschVitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Gabriela K FragiadakisDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Peter W HuntDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Michael J PelusoDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Steven G DeeksDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Rachel L RutishauserDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Funding

Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001872 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI COLLARD, HAROLD R, JACOBY, VANESSA · 2016 to 2025
$112.1M
Virology CoreP30AI027763 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI STEVEN Grant DEEKS · 1988 to 2026
$93.6M
Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise to Cure HIVUM1AI164560 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI STEVEN Grant DEEKS, Sharon Ruth Lewin · 2021 to 2026
$32.0M
Supplement to A Multi-omics Approach to Immune Responses in HIV Vaccination and InterventionP01AI178375 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI DENNIS J. HARTIGAN-O'CONNOR, Rachel Lena Rutishauser · 2023 to 2026
$8.5M
Training in HIV Translational ResearchT32AI060530 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Diane V Havlir · 2005 to 2026
$6.4M
UCSF Type 1 Diabetes Research CenterP30DK135103 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Mark S Anderson, Gregory Michael Ku · 2025 to 2026
$5.1M
Restorative practice in repairing harm and promoting safe and inclusive practices in the laboratory.T32GM136547 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Adrian Erlebacher, Anita Sil · 2020 to 2026
$4.5M
Targeting HIV-specific T cell differentiation programs to enhance post-treatment control of HIVR01AI170239 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Rachel Lena Rutishauser · 2022 to 2026
$4.0M
Immune determinants of progression from Oral Epithelial Dysplasia to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by precision multiplexed imagingR01DE032033 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Matthew Spitzer · 2022 to 2026
$3.8M
Early identification of immunotherapy resistance through integrated multiparameter imagingR01CA290027 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Mekhail Anwar, Matthew Spitzer · 2025 to 2026
$1.4M
Clinical Pharmacology Approaches towards Accelerating HIV Cure InitiativesK23AI162249 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI DEITCHMAN, AMELIA N · 2021 to 2025
$957k
Characterizing the virologic and immunologic signatures of HIV exceptional controlK23AI157875 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI PELUSO, MICHAEL JOSEPH · 2021 to 2025
$927k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001872NCI NIH HHS R01 CA290027NIAID NIH HHS K23 AI157875NIAID NIH HHS K23 AI162249NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI178375NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI027763NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI170239NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI060530NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI164560NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE032033NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK135103NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM136547NIH HHS S10 OD018040
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) have been associated with enhancement of HIV-specific T or B cell responses and sustained partial control of HIV replication in some people with HIV (PWH). The mechanisms through which bNAbs may potentiate host immunity in this context are not known. We previously reported the outcomes of a clinical trial in which ten PWH on antiretroviral therapy (ART) received a combination of immunotherapies including two bNAbs administered immediately preceding an analytic treatment interruption (ATI). After bNAb levels waned, seven participants exhibited varying degrees of post-intervention control of HIV linked to a robust expansion of activated CD8+ T cells in response to rebounding virus. To investigate the role of the bNAbs in enhancing endogenous immune responses, we looked for evidence of HIV-specific or broader immune activation during the period after ART was paused and prior to rebound when bNAbs were controlling HIV replication. At a timepoint early post-ART interruption and at least one month before virus emerged in plasma, we detected an increase in levels of plasma inflammatory proteins as well as phenotypic and transcriptional activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. Compared to non-controllers, post-intervention controllers demonstrated unique transcriptional activation patterns as well as differential longitudinal plasma inflammatory protein trends. No enhancement of HIV-specific T cell or antibody responses was observed in this window. This study identifies activated cell types and inflammatory pathways that are recruited early during bNAb-mediated HIV suppression and that may play a role in potentiating long-lasting HIV immune control after bNAb therapy.

Identifiers

PMID42282696
PMCPMC13251981

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.