Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42282687›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

Altered Tonsillar Microbiome in Children with Down Syndrome and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

E Woods, D Jones, O Gorden, N Nusbacher, J Kofonow, G Dumont, D N Frank, N R Friedman, B W Herrmann, C Lozupone and 1 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

E WoodsDepartment of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0360-5606
D JonesDepartment of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA.
O GordenDepartment of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA.
N NusbacherDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA.
J KofonowDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, 80045, USA.
G DumontDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, 80045, USA.
D N FrankDepartment of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA.
N R FriedmanDepartment of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA.
B W HerrmannDepartment of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA.
C LozuponeDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA.
M R VernerisDepartment of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA.

Funding

University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus DRCP30DK116073 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI PETER J DEMPSEY · 2020 to 2026
$10.8M
ZEBRAFISH TRANSGENIC CORE - ROCKY MOUNTAIN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS CORE CENTERP30NS048154 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI RIBERA, ANGELES BADELL · 2004 to 2020
$10.1M
Characterizing Innate Immune Dysregulation in Tonsils of Individuals with Down SyndromeR01HL155691 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI VERNERIS, MICHAEL R. · 2020 to 2020
$3.0M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL155691NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK116073NINDS NIH HHS P30 NS048154
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) due to anatomic, neuromuscular, immunological and metabolic factors, yet the contribution of the tonsillar microbiome to airway obstruction in this population remains unexplored. We hypothesized that DS-associated OSA would be associated with a distinct tonsillar microbiome compared to non-DS OSA . Methods: Tonsillar tissue from 22 DS and 18 NDS participants were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity were assessed using Faith's phylogenetic diversity and UniFrac distances, respectively, and significantly different taxa were identified with ANCOM-BC and Mann-Whitney testing. Results: Although overall microbial richness and community structure were similar between groups, overweight DS participants demonstrated increased phylogenetic diversity compared to normal-weight DS peers. Taxonomic profiling of the entire patient cohort revealed that in DS tonsils there were selective alterations in key genera with selective depletion of Conclusions: These findings suggest that while global diversity is preserved, specific microbial shifts distinguish the DS tonsillar niche, potentially reflecting altered immune and metabolic environments associated with trisomy 21. Understanding these microbial differences may reveal mechanisms underlying the higher incidence and persistence of OSA in DS and inform targeted therapeutic strategies.

Identifiers

PMID42282687
PMCPMC13251935

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.