ArticleBioinformation2026
Assessment of golden proportion and gingival aesthetic line classification in maxillary anterior teeth: A cross-sectional digital photographic analysis.
Article in Bioinformation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
The applicability of the golden proportion and gingival aesthetic line harmony in natural anterior dentitions remains controversial across different populations. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the presence of the golden proportion and gingival aesthetic line characteristics in maxillary anterior teeth among 200 adults using standardized digital photographic analysis. Mesiodistal tooth width ratios were calculated and compared with the theoretical golden ratio (0.618), while gingival zenith positions and gingival line patterns were also assessed. The results showed that both lateral-to-central incisor and canine-to-lateral incisor ratios significantly deviated from the golden proportion, whereas Class I gingival aesthetic line patterns were more consistently observed. Thus, we show that natural anterior aesthetics are not governed by strict mathematical proportions, emphasizing the importance of individualized treatment planning over formula-based approaches.
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