Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42282160›Full record

ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2026

Trajectories of depressive symptoms across pregnancy and the extended postpartum period and future cardiovascular health.

Shannon D Donofry, Megan M McLaughlin, Emily S Miller, William Grobman, George Saade, Neil J Wimmer, Matthew K Hoffman, Lauren Theilen, Lynn M Yee, C Noel Bairey Merz and 5 more

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Shannon D DonofryRAND, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7394-1384
Megan M McLaughlinDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9259-2984
Emily S MillerDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
William GrobmanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
George SaadeDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7925-5302
Neil J WimmerSection of Cardiology, ChristianaCare, Newark, DE, USA.ORCID 0009-0008-0715-0796
Matthew K HoffmanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Lauren TheilenDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5662-6040
Lynn M YeeFeinberg School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6274-0544
C Noel Bairey MerzBarbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9933-5155
Caroline E RouseDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Jessica M PageDivision of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Kelly ZafmanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Alexandra BerraObstetrics and Gynecology, MetroHealth Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Janet M CatovDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9551-851X

Funding

UCLA Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR000124 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI DUBINETT, STEVEN M. · 2012 to 2015
$57.0M
Clinical and Translational Science Collaborative of ClevelandUL1TR000439 · NCATS · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI KONSTAN, MICHAEL W. · 2012 to 2016
$50.0M
Stress and Racial Disparities in Preeclampsia - Clues from DNA Methylomic ProfilingU01HL145358 · NHLBI · RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE · PI Rebecca Boehm McNeil · 2020 to 2026
$24.6M
Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteUL1TR001108 · NCATS · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI DENNE, SCOTT C., SHEKHAR, ANANTHA · 2013 to 2017
$23.3M
Preterm Birth in Nulliparous Women: An Understudied Population at Great RiskU10HD063036 · NICHD · RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE · PI PARKER, CORETTE BREEDEN · 2010 to 2015
$19.5M
Pregnancy as a Window to Future Cardiovascular Health: Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Supplement RequestU10HL119991 · NHLBI · RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE · PI PARKER, CORETTE BREEDEN · 2013 to 2018
$12.6M
Institute for Clinical and Translational ScienceUL1TR000153 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI COOPER, DAN M · 2012 to 2015
$12.1M
University of California, San Francisco/Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women’s Health (BIRCWH) K12 ProgramK12AR084219 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Monica Gandhi, CYNTHIA C HARPER · 2023 to 2026
$3.1M
Prevention of Preterm Birth in high Risk Nulliparous PatientsU10HD063047 · NICHD · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI WAPNER, RONALD · 2010 to 2014
$1.9M
Preterm Birth in Nulliparous Women: An Understudied Population at Great RiskU10HD063053 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI SILVER, ROBERT M. · 2010 to 2014
$1.7M
Preterm Birth in Nulliparous Women: An Understudied Population at Great Risk U10HD063020 · NICHD · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI GROBMAN, WILLIAM ADAM · 2010 to 2014
$1.6M
Preterm Birth in Nulliparous Women: An Understudied Population at Great RiskU10HD063046 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI WING, DEBORAH A · 2010 to 2014
$1.6M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000124NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000153NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000439NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001108NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL159316NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL145358NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL119989NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL119990NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL119991NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL119992NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL119993NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL120006NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL120018NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL120019NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL120034NIAMS NIH HHS K12 AR084219NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD063020NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD063036NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD063037NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD063041NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD063046NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD063047NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD063048NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD063053NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD063072
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Individuals diagnosed with depression during pregnancy are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. However, it remains unclear whether subclinical depressive symptoms or symptom trajectories across time are associated with indicators of cardiovascular health (CVH). Therefore, the present study evaluated the relationship between longitudinal depressive symptom trajectories beginning in pregnancy and future CVH. Methods: This secondary analysis of the multisite prospective nuMoM2b-Heart Health Study and included participants with complete longitudinal data from early pregnancy to 2-7 years post-delivery. Participants self-reported depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at 6-13 weeks gestation (early pregnancy), 22-29 weeks gestation (mid- to late-pregnancy), and 2-7 years post-delivery. Latent class mixture modeling was conducted to identify longitudinal patterns of depressive symptoms across early pregnancy, mid-late pregnancy, and extended postpartum follow-up. Structural equation modeling was used to test whether EPDS trajectories were associated with latent CVH, adjusted for length of follow-up interval, pre-pregnancy BMI, gravidity, adverse pregnancy outcomes, smoking history, age, education, income, and use of psychiatric medications. Results: A total of 3,934 participants (mean ( Discussion: The longitudinal course of depressive symptoms from pregnancy to 2-7 years post-delivery varied across individuals. Compared to those with consistently low depressive symptoms, individuals with higher severity symptoms at any point all exhibited lower CVH, regardless of the specific trajectory of symptoms. These findings support a life-course perspective in which depressive symptom patterns may represent an early indicator of cardiometabolic vulnerability.

Indexed as

cardiovascular healthdepressionperinatal mental healthpregnancy

Identifiers

PMID42282160
PMCPMC13252446

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.