ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Center2026
Efficacy and safety comparisons of PD-1 versus PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with solid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Center, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Podcast on the Emerging Role of PD-(L)1/VEGF Bispecific Antibodies in the Evolving Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Treatment Landscape.Oncology and therapy · 2026Review
- Past present and future of radiosensitization in cervical cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: A comprehensive evaluation between PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors is critical for appropriate treatment choice. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors, this meta-analysis was conducted through adjusted indirect comparison. Methods: Systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central databases from January 1st 2000 to January 31st 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with standard treatments in solid tumors were retrieved. Eligible RCTs regarding PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were matched as mirror groups according to the same population and study design. Hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease-free/event-free survival (DFS/EFS), and risk ratio (RR) for objective response rate (ORR) and adverse events (AEs) were generated from indirect comparisons in each mirror group and pooled for overall meta-analysis. Results: In total, 96 eligible RCTs with 104 arms of 56,597 patients were identified to construct 32 mirror groups. Patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors exhibited improved OS (HR, 0.86 [95% CI: 0.81, 0.90]; Conclusions: This meta-analysis revealed that PD-1 inhibitors exhibited better survival outcomes compared with PD-L1 inhibitors in solid tumors with comparable safety profiles except for a higher discontinuation rate. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42023452639.
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Registered trials
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