Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42281196›Full record

ArticleMolecular genetics & genomic medicine2026

A Novel Approach to Interrogating Whole Genome Sequencing Data to Optimise Clinical Utility.

Sarah Sonner, Caoimhe McKenna, Shirley Heggarty, Cassie Hamill, Cheryl Flanagan, Shane McKee, Katie Kerr, Rasha Alhazzaa, Amy Jayne McKnight, Fionnuala Mone

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Article in Molecular genetics & genomic medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Sarah SonnerCentre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Caoimhe McKennaNorthern Ireland Genomic Medicine Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK.
Shirley HeggartyRegional Molecular Diagnostics Service (Germline), Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK.
Cassie HamillCentre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Cheryl FlanaganNorthern Ireland Genomic Medicine Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK.
Shane McKeeNorthern Ireland Genomic Medicine Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1772-0106
Katie KerrCentre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8469-8885
Rasha AlhazzaaCentre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1459-0171
Amy Jayne McKnightCentre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7482-709X
Fionnuala MoneCentre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0718-7547

Funding

Department for the EconomyMedical Research CouncilNorthern Ireland Executive
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate the performance of the genomic analytics applied to the Northern Ireland cohort recruited to the 100,000 Genomes Project, focusing on diagnostic yields in first-line analysis and revisiting inconclusive cases with rare diseases.

methodsWhole genome sequencing (WGS) and initial data processing were performed centrally by Genomics England (GEL), consistent with a national protocol. A novel internal approach to variant selection and interpretation was designed using a two-pronged pathway; with initial prioritisation using GEL virtual panels and subsequent Exomiser-mediated reanalysis of remaining undiagnosed cases. Retrospective collection of genomic records was completed for service evaluation.

resultsOf 440 patients recruited 20.2% (n = 89/440) received a monogenic diagnosis; 69.7% (n = 62/89) via the initial interpretation pathway (analysed between 2019 and 2021) and 30.3% (n = 27/89) via the secondary pathway (analysed between 2019 and 2025). The majority of variants missed by the initial analysis were because the diagnostic gene was not included as a target on the applied panel(s) at the time of analysis. The median turnaround time for the initial approach was 644.5 days (range: 315-1342) and for the secondary approach was 1766.5 days (range: 862-2311). The secondary approach was found to be more effective in prioritising pathogenic variants; 69.7% (n = 62/89) versus 89.9% (n = 80/89) p = 0.0008.

conclusionPre-classification variant selection and reanalysis of undiagnosed cases are critical to optimise quality improvement in the clinical delivery of WGS. Variant selection via virtual panels can expedite interpretation but may miss clinically relevant findings, leaving cases undiagnosed. Revisiting these cases gave an additional ~6% yield. For efficient variant selection in both initial and follow-up analysis, a multi-disciplinary approach is required.

Indexed as

Genetic TestingGenomicsRare DiseasesWhole Genome SequencingHumansNorthern Ireland

Identifiers

PMID42281196
PMCPMC13260672

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