Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42281188›Full record

ArticleInhalation toxicology2026

Regional and size-dependent effects of ambient agricultural particulate matter on Ah-receptor activity and inflammatory responses in human U937 macrophages.

Xiyuan Li, Jiang Chengcheng, Chuanzhen Zhang, Qianqian Lin, Savannah M D'Evelyn, Toby Clark, Keith J Bein, Qi Zhang, Alyssa Lundberg, Sarah Kado and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Inhalation toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Xiyuan LiSchool of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Jiang ChengchengCenter for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Chuanzhen ZhangCenter for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Qianqian LinCenter for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Savannah M D'EvelynCenter for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Toby ClarkCenter for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Keith J BeinCenter for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Qi ZhangDepartment of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Alyssa LundbergCenter for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Sarah KadoCenter for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Jack C ConnollyCenter for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Thomas Haarmann-StemmannLeibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Christopher R NiedekAir Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Yi HeCenter for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Wei LiSchool of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Kent E PinkertonCenter for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Christoph F A VogelCenter for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, USA.

Funding

National Institute on Aging (NIA) ColonyP51OD011107 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI Simon J. Atkinson · 2012 to 2026
$191.5M
UC Davis Environmental Health Sciences Core CenterP30ES023513 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI Jonathan London · 2015 to 2026
$26.0M
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGYT32ES007059 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI Laura S Van Winkle · 1985 to 2026
$7.9M
Mechanisms underlying secondhand smoke-induced cardiovascular dysfunctionR01ES025229 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI CHEN, CHAO-YIN · 2015 to 2019
$2.1M
The impact of Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling on Toll like receptor-mediated inflammationR01ES032827 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI CHRISTOPH F A VOGEL · 2022 to 2026
$1.7M
Ah-Receptor as a central mediator of immunomodulation in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancerR01ES036338 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI COLLEEN Ann SWEENEY, CHRISTOPH F A VOGEL · 2025 to 2026
$997k
NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES023513NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES025229NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES032827NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES036338NIEHS NIH HHS T32 ES007059NIH HHS P51 OD011107NIOSH CDC HHS U01 OH010969NIOSH CDC HHS U54 OH007550
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsSize-fractionated ambient particulate matter (PM) was collected from two of the most highly PM-polluted agricultural regions in California the Imperial Valley (PMIV), and San Joaquin Valley (Parlier, PMPA), to compare the effects of particle source, size, and duration of exposure on inflammatory gene expression, cell viability, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation.

methodsHere we tested that the chemical composition of the PM would provoke different effects unique to the PM size fraction and with an association between exposure time, activation of AhR, and the expression of inflammatory genes. Human U937-derived macrophages were used to measure inflammatory biomarkers, cell viability and engulfment of PM. Particles across three size fractions - ultrafine (≥ 0.1 µm), fine (0.1-2.5 µm), and coarse (2.5-10 µm) were tested.

resultsGene expression varied by PM source, size, and duration of exposure. PMIV typically induced a greater level of gene expression than PMPA of the same size fraction. For the 12-h experiments, ultrafine and coarse particle fractions were the most potent stimulators of gene expression compared to the control, irrespective of PM source. The results show that ultrafine/fine PMIV and fine PMPA typically produced the greatest increase in mRNA levels compared to the control in an AhR-dependent manner.

conclusionsUltrafine and fine PM from both sites (PMIV and PMPA) preferentially engaged AhR-dependent signaling, whereas coarse PM activated NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways. Overall, this study demonstrates PM size- and time-dependent effects on inflammatory gene expression and highlights a distinction between AhR- and NF-κB-driven responses across PM fractions.

Indexed as

Air PollutantsBasic Helix-Loop-Helix ProteinsMacrophagesParticulate MatterReceptors, Aryl HydrocarbonAgricultureCell SurvivalHumansInflammationNF-kappa BParticle SizeU937 CellsAHR protein, humanAir PollutantsBasic Helix-Loop-Helix ProteinsNF-kappa BParticulate MatterReceptors, Aryl HydrocarbonAhRinflammationmacrophagesNF-κBParticulate matter

Identifiers

PMID42281188
PMCPMC13286247

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.