Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42281025›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Performance Characterization of Radar-Based Delamination Assessment in Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites.

Manuel E Rao, Vittorio Memmolo, Jochen Moll, Peter Kraemer

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Manuel E RaoDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Siegen, Paul-Bonatz-Straße 9-11, 57076 Siegen, Germany.ORCID 0009-0003-8966-7564
Vittorio MemmoloDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1249-918X
Jochen MollDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Siegen, Paul-Bonatz-Straße 9-11, 57076 Siegen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2299-2250
Peter KraemerDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Siegen, Paul-Bonatz-Straße 9-11, 57076 Siegen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3436-6433

Funding

Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy 03EE2053A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Radar technology in the microwave and millimeter-wave frequency range is the subject of current research for structural health monitoring of composite materials, e.g., damage detection in wind turbine blades. Performance assessment, enabling widespread practical application of this promising and non-contact sensing approach, can be realized via probability of detection (POD) theory, which is a statistical method for determining the detectability of damage through response metrics as a function of flaw size. This paper deals with the experimental investigation of a delamination model represented by two parallel glass fiber reinforced polymer plates separated from each other from 0mm to 1mm in steps of 0.01mm. Experimental studies with a frequency modulated continuous wave radar are performed under laboratory conditions in the frequency range from 57GHz to 65GHz. The signal response is represented by two damage indicators (DIs), according to the root mean square deviation and Mahalanobis distance. Since the reflection of electromagnetic waves exhibits a nonlinear behavior, this also implies a nonlinear response in the DI characteristic. The novelties in this work are the successful implementation of a nonlinear regression model, combined with an optimal threshold decision through receiver operating characteristic curves for a high-resolution POD representation. The POD with 95% confidence bounds indicates the flaw size at which the delamination can be detected reliably. Depending on the radar distance in experimental studies, the binary structural condition (damaged or undamaged) was correctly assessed from 95% to 100%. The minimum detectable size ranges from 0.01mm to 0.08mm.

Indexed as

composite structuresdamage detectionFMCW radarmillimeter-wavesprobability of detectionreceiver operating characteristicstructural health monitoring

Identifiers

PMID42281025
PMCPMC13258958

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.