ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Development of Shinai-Embedded IMU-Based Sensing System for Motion Analysis of Kendo Swings.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
In recent years, wearable sensing technologies have been widely used for motion analysis in sports; however, in kendo, motion evaluation still largely relies on subjective assessment, and quantitative approaches remain limited. This study proposes an embedded inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based sensing system integrated into a bamboo sword (shinai) for the motion analysis of kendo swings. The system incorporates a compact IMU and a microcontroller within the shinai, enabling unobtrusive measurement under realistic training conditions without affecting usability. Using the acquired sensor data, motion-related acceleration components were extracted with orientation estimation using the error-state Kalman filter (ESKF) based on six-axis IMU data, followed by gravity compensation and feature extraction based on the peak characteristics of the swing motion. The experimental results show that experienced practitioners exhibited significantly higher peak acceleration (
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