Measurement of Dermal Ammonia Emission Using a Passive Flux Sampler and Its Association with Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Medical Workers: A Preliminary Study.

Satomi Asai, Shiro Ikeda, Masaru Shiraiwa, Noboru Takanashi, Kazuo Umezawa, Kentaro Wakamatsu, Yoshika Sekine

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Satomi AsaiDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan.

Shiro IkedaGastec Corporation, Ayase 252-1195, Kanagawa, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-5074-3457

Masaru ShiraiwaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Technology, Tokai University Hospital, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan.

Noboru TakanashiDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Technology, Tokai University Hospital, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan.

Kazuo UmezawaDepartment of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan.

Kentaro WakamatsuDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Omuta National Hospital, Omuta 837-0911, Fukuoka, Japan.

Yoshika SekineDepartment of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Kanagawa, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-6048-7269

Funding

Natatani Foundation #4

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Medical workers are frequently exposed to high-stress environments, highlighting the need for non-invasive stress monitoring strategies based on autonomic nervous system activity. Ammonia emitted from the human skin surface has been reported to increase under physical and psychological stress; however, its relationship with autonomic nervous system (ANS) dynamics remains unclear. In this study, we performed simultaneous, time-resolved measurements of dermal ammonia emission and heart rate variability (HRV) in 11 medical workers during 3 h of routine work. Dermal ammonia emission flux was continuously monitored using a passive flux sampler (PFS) coupled with ion chromatography, while autonomic nervous system activity was assessed by Holter electrocardiography. The temporal profiles of ammonia emission were analyzed in relation to HRV indices, including high frequency (HF) and the low-frequency-to-high-frequency ratio (LF/HF). Dermal ammonia emission increased under conditions characterized by lower HF and/or higher LF/HF, whereas elevated HF was associated with reduced ammonia emission (

Indexed as

AmmoniaAutonomic Nervous SystemSkinAdultFemaleHeart RateHumansMaleAmmoniaammonia emissionautonomic nervous systemheart rate variabilitynon-invasive sensingpassive flux samplerskin gasstress monitoring

Identifiers

PMID42280837

DOI10.3390/s26113318

PMCPMC13259317

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