Synergistic Action of Corn, Wolf Fruit, and Butterfly Lily Starches in Bioactive Coatings and Their Potential Application in the Physiological Quality of Common Beans.

This study aimed to characterize corn (CS), wolf fruit (WF), and butterfly lily (BL) starches; to develop bioactive coatings from pure starches and their binary and ternary blends; and to evaluate the synergistic effects of these formulations on the physiological quality of common bean seeds. Films were prepared by thermocompression (80 °C, 6 min, 3 t) of film-forming solutions obtained via microwave processing and formulated using a simplex-centroid mixture design. The starches were characterized in terms of amylose content, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Rapid Visco Analyser, while the films were evaluated for thickness, water solubility, and water vapor permeability. The film-forming solutions were applied as coatings, and seed physiological quality was assessed through germination, first count, seedling length, and dry mass. BL exhibited higher gelatinization temperatures and produced films with adequate thickness and moderate permeability, indicating greater structural stability. The CS:BL blend produced films with balanced hydration, promoting rapid and uniform water uptake. Coatings based on BL and CS:BL showed the highest germination percentages, whereas CS:WF resulted in lower physiological performance. These results demonstrate that film properties directly influence seed vigor and germination. BL, alone or blended with CS, represents a promising starch-based material for seed coating, promoting high physiological quality and environmentally friendly characteristics.