Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42280513›Full record

ReviewPolymers2026

From Cellulose to Nanocellulose: Functionalization Strategies and Applications in Biomedicine, Ecology, and Energy.

Akmaral Darmenbayeva, Reshmy Rajasekharan, Bakytgul Massalimova, Murshida Aimova, Nurbala Ubaidulayeva, Gulzhan Abylkassova, Shynar Sanyazova, Rekha Unni, Dinislam Khuzin, Musrepbek Kurmanaliev and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Polymers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Akmaral DarmenbayevaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, M.Kh. Dulaty Taraz University, Taraz 080000, Kazakhstan.ORCID 0000-0003-2974-0398
Reshmy RajasekharanDepartment of Science and Humanities, Providence College of Engineering, Thiruvananthapuram 689122, Kerala, India.
Bakytgul MassalimovaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, M. Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University, Petropavlovsk 150000, Kazakhstan.
Murshida AimovaDepartment of Natural Sciences, Yessenov University, Aktau 130000, Kazakhstan.
Nurbala UbaidulayevaHigher School of Natural Sciences, Margulan University, Pavlodar 140000, Kazakhstan.ORCID 0000-0002-4119-1937
Gulzhan AbylkassovaDepartment of Chemistry, S. Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070010, Kazakhstan.
Shynar SanyazovaDepartment of Chemistry, S. Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070010, Kazakhstan.
Rekha UnniDepartment of Chemistry, Christian College Chengannur, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 689122, Kerala, India.
Dinislam KhuzinDepartment of General Chemistry, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450000, Russia.ORCID 0009-0005-7558-6581
Musrepbek KurmanalievDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Almaty Technological University, Almaty 050002, Kazakhstan.
Zhazira MukazhanovaDepartment of Chemistry, S. Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070010, Kazakhstan.ORCID 0000-0003-4635-8000

Funding

Committee of Science of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan AP22686347
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The growing demand for sustainable and high-performance materials has positioned cellulose as a key biopolymer for next-generation functional systems. Beyond its traditional use, cellulose undergoes a qualitative transformation at the nanoscale, where increased surface area, interfacial dominance, and tunable chemistry enable functions unattainable in bulk form. This review provides a critical and integrative analysis of functionalization strategies governing the transition from structural modification to application-specific performance in cellulose and nanocellulose-based materials. A unified structure-property-function-process (SPFP) framework is introduced to systematically connect modification approaches with resulting structural features, physicochemical properties, and functional outcomes. Chemical, physical, and surface/interface modification strategies are comparatively evaluated with respect to their efficiency, scalability, and environmental trade-offs. Rather than cataloguing methods, the review emphasizes cross-domain synthesis and identifies key limitations, including high energy demand, reagent consumption, structural instability, and challenges in large-scale implementation. Particular attention is given to applications in biomedicine, environmental remediation, and energy technologies, where performance is governed by surface reactivity, accessibility, and hierarchical organization. The analysis highlights that no single modification strategy is universally optimal, and that effective material design requires balancing performance, sustainability, and process feasibility. By integrating conceptual frameworks, comparative analysis, and emerging design principles, this review provides a forward-looking perspective on the development of cellulose-based functional materials, supporting their transition from laboratory-scale demonstrations to application-ready technologies.

Indexed as

biomedical applicationscellulose functionalizationenergy and environmental technologiesnanocellulosesurface modification

Identifiers

PMID42280513
PMCPMC13258963

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.