Review of the Properties of Cement-Based Composites with Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Potential Functional Applications.

The inclusion of carbon nanomaterials in cement-based materials influences a variety of properties, ranging from basic properties to electrical conductivity, which allows for the creation of functional materials. These materials can be utilized as sensors of strain and cracks, as well as to generate heat and harvest electricity. Through the combination of standard applications of construction materials and added functionality, it is possible to create modern construction materials combining higher durability and strength with additional functionality. The enhanced durability of functional cementitious nanocomposites can reduce the need for retrofitting and decrease resource consumption. Together with the increased safety offered by their functional applications, these characteristics make them well aligned with the growing demand for environmentally sustainable construction materials. The presented paper describes the application of various carbon nanomaterials in cement-based composites. Current research directions concerning the influence of the carbon nanomaterial addition on the most important properties of cement pastes, mortars and concretes have been described, along with a critical analysis of the acquired results and further recommendations. Furthermore, recent progress in the development of functional cement-based nanocomposites has also been reviewed.