ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Effect of Crack Geometry on Tensile Deformation and Local Strain Evolution in X46 Pipeline Steel Thin-Walled Tubes.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
To investigate the effect of crack geometry on tensile deformation and strain localization in X46 pipeline steel thin-walled tubes, uniaxial tensile tests were conducted on specimens containing prefabricated cracks with different sizes, types, and orientations, and full-field strain evolution was characterized by digital image correlation. The material exhibited a favorable strength-ductility balance, with an average yield strength of 324 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 553.5 MPa, and an elongation of 27%. Non-cracked specimens showed three deformation stages: uniform deformation, strain localization, and necking instability. In cracked specimens, strain localization initiated at the crack tips and expanded with increasing displacement. Larger cracks significantly intensified crack-tip strain concentration and enlarged the high-strain zone. Through-wall cracks caused stronger localization and earlier local instability than surface cracks because of the loss of wall continuity, whereas small surface cracks had a limited effect on the final localization path. Crack orientation also affected deformation behavior, and the 45° inclined crack produced the most severe X-shaped localization under combined normal and shear stresses.
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