ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Sustainable Geopolymer Mortars from Ceramic Sanitaryware Waste: Impact of Curing Methods on Mechanical and Thermal Behavior.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study investigates the influence of curing conditions on mechanical performance, residual strength after high-temperature exposure, and microstructural evolution of geopolymer mortars based on ceramic sanitaryware waste (CSW). Direct and delayed thermal curing regimes were applied at 60 °C and 80 °C for 48 h and 72 h. The fresh mixtures exhibited adequate workability with a flow diameter of 21 cm, indicating suitable consistency for casting. Results show that direct curing consistently enhances compressive strength, reaching 30.97 MPa at 80 °C for 72 h, compared with 15.88 MPa under delayed curing. Increasing curing temperature and duration improved early-age mechanical performance, particularly under direct curing conditions. After exposure to 800 °C, directly cured specimens retained higher residual compressive strength, with an improvement of approximately 6.6% compared with delayed-cured specimens. Microstructural characterization using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction supported the observed mechanical trends under different curing conditions. The findings highlight the role of curing strategy in optimizing CSW-based geopolymer mortars for construction applications where mechanical performance and high-temperature resistance are required.
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