ArticleCancers2026
Integration of Circulating Immune Checkpoint Proteins and Osteopontin Refined Risk Stratification in Osteosarcoma.
Article in Cancers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundOsteosarcoma remains the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, with largely unchanged survival outcomes in recent decades. Non-invasive biomarkers for preoperative risk stratification are urgently needed. Circulating immune checkpoint proteins (ICPs) and bone remodeling factors (BRFs) represent promising candidates; however, their combined prognostic value in osteosarcoma remains unclear.
methodsWe prospectively analyzed plasma samples from 47 patients with osteosarcoma, selecting the earliest available sample before disease progression or the last follow-up. A panel of ICPs and BRFs was quantified using multiplex immunoassays. sHVEM and sCD27 were used to construct a two-marker ICP signature (ICP2); subtypes were defined by unsupervised consensus clustering (k = 2) applied to log
resultsTwo ICP2 subtypes were identified (type1,
conclusionsThe circulating sHVEM/sCD27 signature defines prognostically distinct osteosarcoma subtypes with a strong discriminative performance. This minimally invasive model may support preoperative risk stratification. Integration with sOPN suggests a potential biological link between immune regulation and bone remodeling, warranting validation in larger cohorts.
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