ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Cervicovaginal Mycobiome Restructuring by HPV and Bacterial Community State Types in a Kazakhstani Shotgun Metagenomic Cohort:
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Cervicovaginal dysbiosis is an established co-factor of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) persistence and cervical neoplastic development, yet most studies address the bacterial compartment in isolation, leaving fungal communities and bacterial-fungal cross-kingdom interactions underexplored, particularly in Central Asian populations. We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing (mNGS) of cervicovaginal samples from 311 Kazakhstani women undergoing routine cervical screening. HPV status was determined using combined PCR and mNGS methods, and cervical screening was completed using liquid-based cytology (NILM, ASC-US, LSIL, ASC-H). Bacterial, viral, and fungal taxa were profiled from a single shotgun dataset with Kraken2 pipeline. Bacterial community state types (CSTs) were determined based on dominant bacterial species, functional gene content was annotated against KEGG using eggNOG, and covariate-adjusted associations were estimated using MaAsLin3. Mycobiome β-diversity differed significantly by HPV status (
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