Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42278102›Full record

ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026

Whole Genome Data Uncover the Complex Origins of Polish Konik Horses.

Adrianna D Musiał, Katarzyna Ropka-Molik, Tomasz Szmatoła, Przemysław Podstawski, Carrie J Finno, Agnieszka Bieniek, Jarosław Wilczyński, Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Adrianna D MusiałDepartment of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-4194-9402
Katarzyna Ropka-MolikDepartment of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-8555-0495
Tomasz SzmatołaDepartment of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-1588-4198
Przemysław PodstawskiDepartment of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
Carrie J FinnoDepartment of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5924-0234
Agnieszka BieniekDepartment of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-7127-0265
Jarosław WilczyńskiInstitute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-016 Kraków, Poland.
Monika Stefaniuk-SzmukierDepartment of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-4158-771X

Funding

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development 03-18-26-09Ministry of Science and Higher Education 0211/DIA/2019/48
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Polish Konik is a native horse breed from Poland often regarded as living descendants of the extinct Tarpan, which has been crucial to the breed's conservation status and cultural importance. To evaluate Polish Konik origins, we sequenced 12 whole genomes and compared them with 148 horse genomes, including those of modern breeds, ancient Polish horses, Przewalski horses, and the Tarpan. The ADMIXTURE results showed that Polish Konik is dominated by a single ancestral component, which is also common among ancient Polish samples and several primitive breeds. The PCA places Polish Konik in a compact cluster positioned adjacent to the ancient and primitive samples. Both analyses indicate that Polish Konik share an ancestral component with several ancient and primitive-type horse samples. The NJ analysis indicates more complex origins of the breed and its close relationship with the Dülmener. None of the analyses showed a closer relationship of Polish Konik to the Tarpan than other analyzed breeds. The study demonstrates that while Polish Konik shares similarities with ancient and primitive horse populations, its genetic background is more complex, reflecting contributions from modern breeds. Our results indicate a close relationship with the Dülmener pony and do not provide sufficient evidence for the hypothesis of the direct origin of the Polish Konik from the extinct Tarpan.

Indexed as

Equus caballusgenetic diversityhorse breedingPolish KonikSNPsTarpanWGS

Identifiers

PMID42278102
PMCPMC13255651

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.