Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42277914›Full record

ArticleAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2026

A non-inferiority trial comparing manual and automated high-level disinfection for reprocessing of transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound probes.

Hannah Siwe, Maryse Van Landegem, Shari De Vriese, Astrid Luypaert, Merima Hecimovic, Steven Weyers, Isabelle Dehaene, Erik Van Laecke, Philip Meuleman, Piet Cools

Abstract readComparative StudyEquivalence Trial
In one paragraph

Article in Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Hannah SiweLaboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, MRB2, entrance 38, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. Hannah.Siwe@UGent.be.
Maryse Van LandegemLaboratory Bacteriology Research, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, MRB2, entrance 38, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
Shari De VrieseLaboratory Bacteriology Research, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, MRB2, entrance 38, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
Astrid LuypaertDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's Clinic, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
Merima HecimovicDepartment of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
Steven WeyersDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's Clinic, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
Isabelle DehaeneDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's Clinic, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
Erik Van LaeckeDepartment of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
Philip MeulemanLaboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, MRB2, entrance 38, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
Piet CoolsLaboratory Bacteriology Research, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, MRB2, entrance 38, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. Piet.Cools@UGent.be.

Funding

Agentschap Innoveren en Ondernemen HBC.2021.0849
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Manual chemical methods are commonly used for ultrasound probe disinfection but are known to be operator dependent and subject to variability. Automated ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light-emitting diode (LED) disinfection represents a chemical and mercury free alternative, however, clinical evidence comparing UV-C LED to conventional disinfectants for high-level disinfection of ultrasound probes remains limited. In this single-centre non-inferiority study conducted in the departments of gynaecology, obstetrics and urology of a Belgian university hospital, automated UV-C LED disinfection was compared to manual chlorine dioxide disinfection for the reprocessing of transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound probes. Following clinical use, probes were decontaminated by healthcare practitioners alternating between both reprocessing methods. Samples were collected after treatment and processed for microbial analysis to assess the effectiveness of the decontamination process. A total of 296 probes were included, comprising 86 transabdominal and 210 transvaginal probes. UV-C LED disinfection achieved effectiveness rates of 92.86% for transabdominal probes and 97.17% for transvaginal probes, compared with 79.49% and 93.27%, respectively for chlorine dioxide disinfection. Positive samples following UV-C disinfection yielded single colonies whereas chlorine dioxide treated probes showed greater variability in colony counts and species diversity. Although the total reprocessing time for UV-C disinfection was longer, manual handling times were comparable between both methods. Here, we demonstrated that UV-C LED disinfection was non-inferior to chlorine dioxide disinfection for reprocessing of transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound probes under routine conditions.

Indexed as

DisinfectantsDisinfectionChlorine CompoundsEquipment ContaminationFemaleHumansOxidesUltrasonographyUltraviolet RaysChlorine Compoundschlorine dioxideDisinfectantsOxidesChlorine dioxideDecontaminationLight-emitting diodesTrialUltrasound probesUltraviolet radiation

Identifiers

PMID42277914
PMCPMC13479550

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.