Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42277740›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026

High resistance of Anopheles gambiae s.L. populations to public health insecticides in Ghana: contribution of domestic and agricultural pesticide use.

Stephina Adjoa Yanney, Anisa Abdulai, Christopher Mfum Owusu-Asenso, Yaw Akuamoah-Boateng, Abdul Rahim Mohammed Sabtiu, Isaac Kwame Sraku, Maxwell Gesuge Machani, Simon Kwaku Attah, Yaw Asare Afrane

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Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Stephina Adjoa YanneyCentre for Vector-Borne Diseases Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Anisa AbdulaiCentre for Vector-Borne Diseases Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Christopher Mfum Owusu-AsensoCentre for Vector-Borne Diseases Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Yaw Akuamoah-BoatengCentre for Vector-Borne Diseases Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Abdul Rahim Mohammed SabtiuCentre for Vector-Borne Diseases Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Isaac Kwame SrakuCentre for Vector-Borne Diseases Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Maxwell Gesuge MachaniCentre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Simon Kwaku AttahCentre for Vector-Borne Diseases Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Yaw Asare AfraneCentre for Vector-Borne Diseases Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana. yafrane@ug.edu.gh.

Funding

Regional Centre for Vector Borne Diseases in West Africa (RCVBD)D43TW011513 · FIC · UNIVERSITY OF GHANA · PI YAW ASARE AFRANE, Guiyun Yan · 2021 to 2026
$1.5M
Impact of insecticide resistance on the behavior and fitness of malaria vectorsR01AI123074 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF GHANA · PI YAW ASARE AFRANE · 2016 to 2026
$1.2M
Invasive Anopheles stephensi in Ghana: Sampling Tools and Vector Population DynamicsR03AI186018 · NIAID · COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF GHANA · PI AFRANE, YAW ASARE · 2024 to 2025
$108k
FIC NIH HHS D43 TW011513NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI123074NIAID NIH HHS R03 AI186018
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMalaria elimination efforts in sub-Saharan Africa are increasingly threatened by the spread of insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae sensu lacto (s.l.). The widespread use of insecticides in vector control and pesticides in agriculture has intensified resistance development in malaria vectors. This study examined the drivers of high insecticide resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes in Ghana's Coastal and Sahel Savannah ecological zones.

methodsAnopheles larvae were collected from eight sites across the Coastal Savannah (Tuba, Opeibea, Nima, and Teshie) and Sahel Savannah (Kpalsogu, Libga, Taha, and Kulaa) zones and reared to adults. WHO insecticide susceptibility intensity assays were performed on 3-5-day-old female Anopheles gambiae s.l. to assess phenotypic resistance. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to identify species within the An. gambiae s.l. and detect mutations at voltage-gated sodium channels (Vgsc- 1014F, Vgsc-1014S, Vgsc-1575Y) and acetylcholinesterase G119S-Ace-1 mutation. Alongside larval sampling, a survey was conducted to assess household use of insecticide-based vector control products and pesticide application in agriculture.

resultsAnopheles gambiae s.l. from the Coastal zone showed high resistance intensity to pyrethroids (Mortality rate: 50 to 85.9% at 10x). In the Sahel zone, moderate resistance intensity (Mortality rate: >98% at 10x) was observed. High resistance intensity to pirimiphos-methyl (80-90% at 10x) was recorded in vectors from Tuba and Opeibea. The prevalence of L1014F-kdr mutation was high (range: 0.81 to 1) in all study sites, while L1014S and N1575Y kdr mutations were present at low to moderate frequencies (range: 0 to 0.39). Household surveys revealed widespread use of pyrethroid-based mosquito control products (88.10%), including aerosol sprays (25.33%) and coils (53.95%). Farm surveys showed extensive application of pesticides containing organophosphates (16.2%), carbamates (11.29%), neonicotinoids (25.7%), and diamides (5.4%).

conclusionThis study reveals widespread pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l,. which could likely be associated with intensive insecticide use in public health and agriculture. With resistance escalating, continuous surveillance and enhanced resistance management strategies are essential to sustain malaria control efforts in Ghana. CLINICAL TRIAL: Not applicable.

Indexed as

AnophelesInsecticide ResistanceInsecticidesPesticidesAcetylcholinesteraseAgricultureAnimalsFemaleGhanaLarvaMalariaMosquito ControlMosquito VectorsMutationPublic HealthVoltage-Gated Sodium ChannelsAcetylcholinesteraseInsecticidesPesticidesVoltage-Gated Sodium ChannelsAnopheles gambiae s.l.Ecological zonesGhanaInsecticide resistance intensityPesticide

Identifiers

PMID42277740
PMCPMC13483824

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.