ArticleThe Journal of international medical research2026
Nasopharyngeal hirudiniasis, a rare cause of masked hemoptysis in an older patient: A case report.
Article in The Journal of international medical research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Leeches commonly inhabit freshwater environments and feed on blood; however, pharyngeal leech infestation in humans remains an unusual cause of hemoptysis that poses significant diagnostic challenges. We report the case of a male patient in his early 60s presenting with a 2-week history of persistent hemoptysis and pharyngeal discomfort. Physical examination revealed a transient, mobile structure behind the uvula that initially mimicked a blood clot. Flexible nasopharyngoscopy subsequently demonstrated a moving foreign body attached to the nasopharyngeal wall. The organism, identified as a 3-cm leech, was successfully removed using curved forceps without anesthesia, leading to immediate symptom resolution. This case underscores the necessity of considering parasitic infestation in the differential diagnosis of unexplained upper airway bleeding. It highlights the importance of obtaining a detailed environmental history regarding untreated freshwater exposure and utilizing endoscopy as a gold standard diagnostic tool.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.