Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42277577›Full record

ArticleThe Laryngoscope2026

Economic Impact of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Automated Head and Neck Surgery Referral Triage.

Stephanie Younan, Pearl Doan, Kevin Xin, Max L Jiam, Patrick K Ha, Katherine C Wai, Nicole T Jiam

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Laryngoscope, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Stephanie YounanDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5253-6392
Pearl DoanDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4249-1197
Kevin XinMount Carmel Health Partners, Dublin, Ohio, USA.
Max L JiamDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Patrick K HaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0306-6147
Katherine C WaiDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8180-4542
Nicole T JiamDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9838-5065

Funding

National Science Foundation 2304498
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo quantify the comprehensive financial impact from implementing a deep learning algorithm for assistive patient triage within a high-volume Head and Neck Surgical Oncology center operating under a fee-for-service framework.

methodsA prospective cost-benefit analysis compared a deep learning algorithm to standard manual triage on all incoming new patient referrals (n = 214) in one fiscal quarter (FY24 Q3). Financial impact was calculated using a model aggregating two economic components: (1) annualized labor displacement savings, and (2) revenue impact of reallocating verified non-indicated clinic slots to appropriate surgical candidates.

resultsAutomated head and neck referral triage demonstrated a net annual operating gain of $535,989, yielding a 14.9× return on investment. Directly measured labor savings ($236,788.80; 5.6× ROI) represent the conservative estimate; capacity value is modeled, contingent on slot reallocation. The AI-assisted workflow displaces 1951.20 h of manual work (0.94 FTEs) annually per 6-provider division processing 30 referrals/week, and up to 351,936 h (169.20 FTEs) per hospital system. Furthermore, the algorithm's superior accuracy identified 80 verified recoverable clinic slots per year for the division; reallocating these to appropriate candidates generated an additional $6.2 million in downstream revenue.

conclusionThe integration of a deep learning algorithm for Head and Neck Surgical Oncology referral triage delivers substantial financial benefits through the dual mechanisms of direct reduction of administrative labor and the strategic optimization of clinical capacity. By identifying non-indicated referrals, the system allows for the reallocation of limited resources to patients requiring high-acuity surgical oncological care, offering a scalable model for financial sustainability. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA.

Indexed as

AlgorithmsDeep LearningHead and Neck NeoplasmsReferral and ConsultationTriageCost-Benefit AnalysisHumansProspective Studiesartificial intelligencecost–benefit analysisdeep learninghead and neck surgeryotolaryngologyreferral triagereturn on investmentworkflow optimization

Identifiers

PMID42277577
PMCPMC13669958

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.