Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42277356›Full record

ArticleAnnals of biomedical engineering2026

Correlation Between Structural Parameters and Piezoelectric Performance of PVDF Heart Sound Sensors.

Ke Wang, Ruiqiang Zheng, Rongguo Yan, Shoucheng Chen, Wenjing Du

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Article in Annals of biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ke Wang *Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
Ruiqiang Zheng *Department of Critical Care Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
Rongguo YanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China. yanrongguo@usst.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-8144-8783
Shoucheng ChenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
Wenjing DuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.

Funding

Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medical Device 18DZ2250900
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe exceptional flexibility, piezoelectric properties, and biocompatibility of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) make it an ideal material for flexible heart sound sensors. This study systematically investigates how the key sensor design parameters of area, aspect ratio, thickness, and encapsulation layer influence piezoelectric output performance, establishing the underlying governing relationships.

methodsBeginning with a formalization of the direct piezoelectric mechanism and constitutive equations for PVDF, we developed a parametric COMSOL Multiphysics model to probe the influence of sensor design. This model informed the fabrication of multiple sensor samples, whose performance was then benchmarked against simulations via a custom mechanical test system. Ultimately, a dedicated heart sound simulation setup assessed the acquisition fidelity of our proprietary D-type sensor.

resultsSimulation and experiment confirmed the direct piezoelectric mechanism. Sensitivities on the order of 10

conclusionThis study establishes a validated framework for optimizing PVDF heart sound sensors, demonstrating that output performance is enhanced by augmenting the effective area, minimizing film thickness, maintaining a moderate aspect ratio, and utilizing a PDMS encapsulation layer. The close agreement between simulation and experiment underpins this guidance, providing a direct pathway for engineering sensor design.

Indexed as

COMSOL simulationPiezoelectric effectPVDF heart sound sensorSignal acquisitionTesting machine

Identifiers

PMID42277356

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.