SynthesisEuropean addiction research2026
Sweet Flavors and the Addictive Potential of E-Cigarettes: A Systematic Narrative Review.
Synthesis in European addiction research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPopulation-based surveys indicate that sweet and fruity flavors in the e-liquids are key drivers of attractiveness of e-cigarettes (ECIGs). However, their role in the addictive potential of ECIGs is less well established. This systematic review aimed to synthetize the available evidence on the impact of sweet and fruity flavors on indicators of nicotine dependence.
methodsA systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies were eligible if they reported the effects of sweet/fruity flavors in ECIGs on (1) consumption rate, (2) vaping topography and nicotine intake, (3) reward and reinforcement, and (4) indicators of nicotine dependence. Studies limited to qualitative assessments of flavor properties were excluded. Initially, 454 studies were identified and screened independently by two reviewers, resulting in 23 eligible studies. Risk of bias and study quality were evaluated using the Johanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools.
resultsSweet/fruity flavors were consistently associated with increased consumption rates and a higher puff number and volume, leading to more nicotine exposure. Several studies also demonstrated that sweet flavors enhanced the reward and reinforcement of ECIG use. However, findings regarding their effects on craving and withdrawal were inconsistent.
conclusionSweet/fruity flavors appear to increase the abuse liability of ECIGs, but the evidence remains inconclusive. Additional high-quality studies that adequately control for known covariates are required to clarify their contribution and the independent role of flavors in nicotine dependence. These findings, together with emerging toxicological data on ECIGs, should be carefully considered in regulatory decisions regarding flavor bans in ECIGs.
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