Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42275163›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of psychotraumatology2026

From childhood to adult trauma and negative birth experiences: distal and proximal factors associated with childbirth-related posttraumatic stress symptoms.

Meike K Blecker, Esther Ivanka Grätsch, Elisabeth Conrad, Hannah Klusmann, Sinha Engel, Stephanie Haering, Caroline Meyer, Noemi Luecking, Christine Knaevelsrud, Sarah Schumacher

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In one paragraph

Article in European journal of psychotraumatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Meike K BleckerDivision of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1378-8186
Esther Ivanka GrätschDivision of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Elisabeth ConradDivision of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Hannah KlusmannDivision of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1464-5902
Sinha EngelClinical Psychology and Behavioral Health Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-9289-7094
Stephanie HaeringDivision of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4831-8926
Caroline MeyerDivision of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1449-9079
Noemi LueckingDivision of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0009-0000-6294-2253
Christine KnaevelsrudDivision of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1342-7006
Sarah SchumacherClinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute for Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6955-3493

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChildbirth-related posttraumatic stress symptoms (CB-PTSS) have been recognized as a serious postpartum complication. Although childhood maltreatment (CM) is a well-established vulnerability factor for stress-related mental disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), its role in CB-PTSS remains largely unexplored.

objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between CM and CB-PTSS at 12 months postpartum, while also considering other major risk factors for CB-PTSS, such as adult trauma and subjective birth experiences (SBEs). In exploratory analyses, we tested whether CM differentially predicted childbirth-related PTSD symptom clusters (intrusion, avoidance, hyperarousal).

methods

resultsBoth adult trauma (

conclusionCM may represent a key antepartum vulnerability factor for CB-PTSS, underscoring the far-reaching impact of CM on peripartum mental health. At the same time, more proximal experiences, such as negative SBEs, may critically impact the risk for adverse postpartum outcomes. Further research is needed to elucidate the complex interplay between CM, SBEs, and CB-PTSS, while interdisciplinary, trauma-informed strategies are crucial to prevent and treat CB-PTSS.

Indexed as

Adult Survivors of Child AbuseParturitionStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticAdultFemaleHumansPostpartum PeriodPregnancyRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesCB-PTSDchildbirth-related posttraumatic stressChildhood maltreatmentestrés postraumático relacionado con el partoexperiencias subjetivas del partoMaltrato infantilparto traumáticosubjective birth experiencestraumatic birth

Identifiers

PMID42275163
PMCPMC13262099

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.