ArticlePlant molecular biology2026
Integrative approach to identify robust pattern recognition receptors in Eucalyptus grandis: novel candidates for disease resistance.
Article in Plant molecular biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) initiate plant pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), encompassing receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs). Eucalyptus grandis, an economically important species worldwide, is a long-lived organism that faces multiple disease pressures. The deployment of PRR-based breeding tools offers a route to broad, non-race-specific resistance that can remain effective across outbreaks. The objective of this work was to identify and characterise the PRR repertoire of E. grandis using public multi-omics data. Two state-of-the-art predictors were compared with a multi-species curation and a meta-analysis was conducted compiling transcriptomic data under biotic stress. A set of 730 RLKs/RLPs (PRR candidates) were consistently identified across three sources (~ 1.6% of protein-coding genes), of which 283 were differentially expressed (RLKs/RLPs-DEG). A PFAM domain-based scheme was applied to standardise classification across tools. RLKs (TM-K-LRR) predominated over RLPs (TM-LRR), while many carried malectin or malectin-like ectodomains. RLKs/RLPs genes were unevenly distributed across the genome: chromosome 6 had the highest count and the densest clustering. Gene-family expansion appeared mainly driven by duplication, with extensive tandem arrays supported by segmental, proximal and dispersed events. Gene Ontology and cis-elements annotations in RLKs/RLPs-DEG/no-DEG showed significant enrichment in terms related to cell cycle development, hormonal regulation and stress response. We proposed a catalogue of 16 RLKs which resulted in DEGs against at least three pathogens, suggesting their broad spectrum and robustness. Most of them presented orthologues with cross-taxon evidence of defence roles. This study delineates novel multi-pathogen candidate PRR genes, providing valuable information to assist Eucalyptus breeding programs.
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