Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42273608›Full record

ArticleChina CDC weekly2026

CWSS-IS: A Technical Framework for Digitalized Wastewater Surveillance-Information System Structure, Data Standards, and Application - China, February 2024-January 2026.

Shuxin Hao, Liang Zhang, Fuchang Deng, Jiayi Han, Xia Li, Huihui Sun, Xiao Zhang, Song Tang, Lan Zhang, Yang Yang and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in China CDC weekly, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Shuxin HaoNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Liang ZhangNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Fuchang DengNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Jiayi HanNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Xia LiNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Huihui SunNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Xiao ZhangNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Song TangNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Lan ZhangNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Yang YangInformation Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Qing GuoInformation Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Lin WangNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Yue LiuNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Xiaoyuan YaoNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Many countries have integrated wastewater monitoring systems with their infectious disease surveillance systems to enhance public health response capabilities. An Information System for the Chinese Urban Wastewater Surveillance System (CWSS-IS) was developed based on the unified digital infrastructure of the China CDC. The primary functional modules of the CWSS-IS include information on monitoring sites, wastewater sample collection, relevant physicochemical indicators, qualitative and quantitative laboratory results, and sequencing data. The system implements unified data collection indicators and formats and standardizes data processing procedures and quality control (QC) rules. Launched nationally in February 2024, the CWSS-IS covers 169 cities with >3,000 registered users from CDCs, tracking multiple biomarkers in wastewater treatment plants, hospitals, communities, markets, and inbound flights. By January 2026, data had been collected from 118,729 samples. Compared to previous email-based reporting methods, the CWSS-IS demonstrated significant advantages in terms of efficiency, convenience, security, and scalability. This system offers valuable insights into the prevalence of infectious diseases and can effectively inform public health initiatives. Additionally, it serves as a standard paradigm for developing regional wastewater monitoring information systems. Future efforts should focus on exploring multisource data fusion standards, artificial intelligence frameworks, and large-scale data computational platforms to enhance early warning capabilities.

Indexed as

Data ManagementInformation SystemWastewater Surveillance

Identifiers

PMID42273608
PMCPMC13247723

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.