Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42273541›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.)2026

Association of second-hand tobacco smoking with liver cancer, and interaction with HBV infection in a Chinese population-based case-control study.

Xing Liu, Aileen Baecker, Ming Wu, Jin-Yi Zhou, Zi-Yi Jin, Fang Fang, Su Yon Jung, Lina Mu, Na He, Weidong Qu and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Xing LiuDepartment of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
Aileen BaeckerDepartment of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
Ming WuJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Jin-Yi ZhouJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Zi-Yi JinNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Fang FangDepartment of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
Su Yon JungSchool of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Lina MuDepartment of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.
Na HeDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Weidong QuDepartment of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Xuehong ZhangSchool of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
Liming LiDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Jin-Kou ZhaoJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Zuo-Feng ZhangDepartment of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Although tobacco smoking is one of the established risk factors for liver cancer, results from epidemiological studies remain inconclusive on the relationship between second-hand smoke (SHS) and liver cancer, particularly among nonsmokers. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between SHS and liver cancer, and to assess its potential interaction with major risk factors such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods: A population-based case-control study was conducted in Jiangsu, China, from 2003 to 2010, including 2011 newly diagnosed primary liver cancer cases and 7933 population-based controls. Data on SHS exposure at home and in the workplace, along with other major liver cancer risk factors such as alcohol consumption, were collected through self-reported questionnaires. SHS exposure was assessed as a dichotomous variable, categorizing participants as either exposed or unexposed to SHS. HBV infection status was determined by testing serum samples for serum hepatitis B virus surface antigen. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression models were used to examine the association between SHS and risk of liver cancer. Besides stratified analyses, interactions on additive and multiplicative scales were further evaluated between SHS and other risk factors for liver cancer. Results: Exposure to SHS was associated with liver cancer, shown as adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 1.84 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.56, 2.18) in the overall population and 2.11 (95% CI: 1.67, 2.65) among never smokers. Stratified analyses showed that the association between SHS and liver cancer was stronger among HBV-positive participants (OR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.48, 2.93) compared with HBV-negative participants (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.54, 2.27) ( Conclusion: SHS is independently associated with liver cancer, and this association is further modified by HBV infection, leading to a substantially elevated risk, particularly among nonsmokers.

Indexed as

hepatitis B virusinteractionliver cancersecond-hand smoke

Identifiers

PMID42273541
PMCPMC13249444

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.