Metal-Organic Frameworks as Programable Platforms for Micro- and Optoelectronics: From Dielectrics to Semiconductors and White-Light Emitters.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as highly tunable materials for microelectronic and optoelectronic applications due to their modular structures and chemically programable properties. Here we summarize recent advances in MOFs as functional electronic materials, including their use as low- and high-dielectric-constant insulators, semiconductors with enhanced charge transport, and intrinsic broadband white-light emitters. Key strategies for bandgap and property modulation, such as metal-node selection, π-conjugated linker design, guest incorporation, and the role of coordinated or confined water, are critically discussed. Recent progress in electrically driven, phosphor-free white-light-emitting MOFs, especially single-component systems, is highlighted as a promising route toward simplified device architectures and environmentally sustainable alternatives to conventional luminescent materials. Remaining challenges in electrical conductivity, operational stability, and scalable device integration are assessed, alongside emerging solutions involving framework dimensionality control, improved charge transport pathways, and predictive computational modeling. Overall, MOFs are positioned as promising candidates for next-generation nanoelectronic and optoelectronic technologies.