ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2026
Generation of an Etiology Index Based on Confirmed Tissue Diagnosis Data to Assess Endemic Swine Etiology Activity in the United States of America.
Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- AVeterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Generation of an Etiology Index Based on Confirmed Tissue Diagnosis Data to Assess Endemic Swine Etiology Activity in the United States of America.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Global pork production has increased substantially over the past few decades, making swine a critical source of animal protein. However, endemic diseases in pigs continue to pose significant challenges to animal health, productivity, and food security. Several etiologies affect farm-level performance and have broader implications for zoonotic risks and public health. Many diagnostic cases are submitted to veterinary diagnostic laboratories, and their aggregation can yield insights into etiological activity. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a composite etiology index using confirmed tissue diagnosis data from the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU-VDL) to assess endemic etiology activity across the United States. A total of 59,950 porcine tissue cases from 2020 to 2024 were analyzed, focusing on 81 etiologies of bacterial, viral, parasitic, and metabolic/intoxication origin. Four normalized variables: disease occurrence, codiagnosis, state occurrence, and Early Aberration Reporting System (EARS) alarms were integrated using the CompidexR package to generate a weighted index ranging from 0.01 to 1. Temporal consistency was evaluated using the Manhattan distance, Spearman's correlation, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Also, a bootstrap resampling method was developed to detect anomalies in the distribution of etiologies. The index demonstrated strong year-over-year stability, with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and
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