Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42272992›Full record

ArticleSAGE open medicine2026

Children with speech and language delay aged 2-10 Years in Palestine: A case-control study of socio-demographic, biological, familial, and environmental factors.

Saad Al-Lahham, Raghad Dweikat, Tala Nazzal, Nada Abo Shama, Aya Bishara, Nabaa Khaskia, Maimana Jbara, Adan Haj Yahia, Mustafa Ghanim, Majdi Dwikat and 7 more

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Article in SAGE open medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Saad Al-LahhamDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Basic Clinical Skills, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Raghad DweikatDepartment of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Tala NazzalDepartment of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Nada Abo ShamaDepartment of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Aya BisharaDepartment of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Nabaa KhaskiaDepartment of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Maimana JbaraDepartment of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Adan Haj YahiaDepartment of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Mustafa GhanimDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Basic Clinical Skills, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Majdi DwikatDepartment of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Mohammad AbuawadDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Basic Clinical Skills, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7924-8786
Samar AlkhaldiDepartment of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Anas HamdanDepartment of Anesthesia and Resuscitation Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1511-2916
Wafa Abdel JalilDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Basic Clinical Skills, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Laith El-LahhamFaculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.
Maha RabayaaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Basic Clinical Skills, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8702-5213
Malik AlqubDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Basic Clinical Skills, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-177X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Speech and language delay (SLD) is a common developmental problem that affects 3-20% of children globally, with significant long-term consequences if left untreated. Despite extensive research on SLD risk factors, regional studies in Palestine remain limited. This study sought to identify key characteristics impacting SLD in Palestinian children aged 2 to 10 years. Methods: Between January and March 2025, a case-control study was conducted at ten specialized institutes in Palestine. The study included 184 children with SLD and 136 controls who were matched for age and gender. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires that assessed socio-demographic, biological, familial, and environmental factors. SPSS v26 was used for statistical analysis, which included chi-square tests and logistic regression (p-value < 0.05 indicated significance). Results: Significant risk variables for SLD were rural residency (OR = 4.4, p = 0.008), lower parental education (paternal p = 0.003; maternal p < 0.001), and low family income (OR = 2.5, p = 0.030). Maternal employment showed a protective effect (OR = 0.273, p < 0.001). Biological characteristics such as ENT issues (OR = 3.9, p = 0.012) and a family history of SLD (OR = 8.6, p = 0.001) were significantly linked with SLD. There was no substantial correlation between the multilingual surrounding environment and family size. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the diverse characteristics of SLD in Palestinian children, with a focus on socioeconomic disparities, biological factors, and familial history. These findings emphasize the necessity of targeted early therapies, particularly in rural and low-income populations, to mitigate the long-term impact of SLD.

Indexed as

childrendevelopmental disordersmaternal employmentsocioeconomic statusspeech

Identifiers

PMID42272992
PMCPMC13247289

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.