ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2026
Longitudinal trends and determinants of dietary supplement administration during the first two years of life: a Korean birth cohort.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: Dietary supplement administration has steadily increased in Korea, but evidence on administration of dietary supplements to infants remains limited. This study investigated the longitudinal trends and determinants of supplement administration in infants from birth to 24 months of age. Methods: A longitudinal birth cohort study enrolled 137 infants born at ≥28 weeks of gestation, and followed them at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months. Structured questionnaires assessed supplement administration, feeding methods, family history of allergic diseases, and demographics. Feeding was categorized as breastfeeding, formula feeding, or mixed feeding. Atopic dermatitis and food allergy were diagnosed using standardized criteria. Results: Overall, 82% of infants were given supplements during the study period. Probiotics and vitamin D were the most frequently administered at all ages, while multivitamin administration increased markedly after 12-24 months (38.6%). Supplement administration differed by feeding method: breastfed (29.4%) and mixed-fed (5.0%) infants had a higher percentage of iron supplementation at 12 months compared with formula-fed (0%). Multivitamin administration was more common among infants without a family history of allergies (low-risk group: 32.6%) compared with those with a family history of allergies (high-risk group: 23.4%). Infants born via cesarean section were significantly more likely to be given dietary supplements at 2-6 months (OR = 8.09, 95% CI: 1.79-36.49), 6-12 months (OR = 14.88, 95% CI: 1.91-116.10), and 12-24 months (OR = 5.16, 95% CI: 1.09-24.35). Conclusions: This study found a high percentage of supplement administration among Korean infants, with frequent administration of probiotics and vitamin D from early infancy. Over time, supplement types became more diverse, with usage trends varying by feeding method and allergy risk. Cesarean-born infants were more likely to be given supplements. These findings provide descriptive data on how supplements are administered to Korean infants and suggest a basis for exploring the implications of early-life supplement administration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.