Comprehensive

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy among men in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and is often diagnosed at advanced stages with aggressive features. Germline mutations in DNA-repair genes, especially Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 40 archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded prostate tissues (2011-2022), comprising 23 PCa and 17 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Targeted exon sequencing was performed. Variants were classified using ACMG/AMP criteria using ClinVar and Varchat. Associations between mutation patterns, zygosity, and tumor grade were evaluated. Results: Conclusion: Our findings reveal a high prevalence of homozygous BRCA1/2 mutations, with the majority had aggressive disease phenotypes. Therefore, support the potential utility of PARP inhibitors as molecularly targeted therapeutic alternatives to conventional chemotherapy in mutation-positive patients. Furthermore, the identification of novel population-specific variants underscores the urgent need for ethnicity-informed genetic screening protocols, facilitating earlier detection of hereditary risk and enabling informed treatment stratification in United Arab Emirates and Arab men with PCa.