Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42272320›Full record

ArticleUnited European gastroenterology journal2026

Clinical, Dietary, Lifestyle and Genetic Factors Associated With Age at Onset of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.

Vera Koch, Ines Gockel, Julian Reingruber, Nicole Kreuser, Jessica Bigge, Marino Venerito, Hakan Alakus, Andrea May, Christian Gerges, René Thieme and 15 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in United European gastroenterology journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Vera KochCenter for Human Genetics, Philipps University of Marburg & University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0588-4542
Ines GockelDepartment of Visceral Surgery, University Digestive Health Care Center Basel, Clarunis, Switzerland.
Julian ReingruberCenter for Human Genetics, Philipps University of Marburg & University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Nicole KreuserDepartment of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Jessica BiggeCenter for Human Genetics, Philipps University of Marburg & University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Marino VeneritoDepartment of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8581-0974
Hakan AlakusDepartment of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Andrea MayDepartment of Gastroenterology, Oncology and Pneumology, Asklepios Paulinen Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany.
Christian GergesDepartment of Medicine II, Helios Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8271-1102
René ThiemeDepartment of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Dominik HeiderInstitute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-8311
Axel M HillmerFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Alanna EbigboDepartment of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
Christiane J BrunsDepartment of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Hauke LangDepartment for General, Visceral and Tranplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Helmut MessmannDepartment of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
Thomas RöschDepartment of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Thaddäus T WissniowskiCenter for Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany.
Michaela MüllerDivision of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Centre for Internal Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg & University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Ulrike W DenzerDivision of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Centre for Internal Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg & University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Markus M NöthenInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Michael ViethInstitute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universiät Erlangen-Nürnberg, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
Aaron P ThriftSection of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0084-5308
Carlo MajCenter for Human Genetics, Philipps University of Marburg & University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Johannes SchumacherCenter for Human Genetics, Philipps University of Marburg & University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEsophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) represents one of the most increasing malignancies in Western countries. The disease is multifactorial, involving modifiable risk factors and genetic susceptibility variants. These variants can be aggregated to a polygenic risk score (PRS) that reflects individual genetic risk. Investigation of the effects of lifestyle factors, PRS, and co-medication on EAC age at onset (AAO) is critical for shaping prevention strategies.

methodsA detailed questionnaire was used to assess pre-diagnostic exposure to lifestyle factors and clinical information from a large German EAC cohort. Linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with EAC AAO in 1742 EAC patients. PRS was available for 1190 patients. Subgroup analyses were conducted to estimate the effects of the analyzed factors on AAO according to age group (early vs. late onset), sex, and prior diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus (BE).

resultsEarlier AAO was significantly associated with gastroesophageal reflux (GER), smoking and a higher PRS, whereas later AAO was associated with physical activity and higher consumption of fish and fruits. Among co-medication, combined use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) showed the most significant effect on AAO, whereas the use of PPIs and ASA alone showed weaker effects. DISCUSSION: This study represents the largest questionnaire-based analysis to date investigating factors influencing EAC development. Our findings show that the combined use of PPIs and ASA, both cost-effective medications, is associated with delayed EAC onset. In addition, lifestyle and genetics contribute to EAC AAO.

Indexed as

AdenocarcinomaDietEsophageal NeoplasmsGastroesophageal RefluxLife StyleAgedAge of OnsetAspirinBarrett EsophagusFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenetic Risk ScoreGermanyHumansMaleMiddle AgedAspirinProton Pump Inhibitorsage at onsetchemopreventionesophageal adenocarcinomalifestylepolygenic risk score

Identifiers

PMID42272320
PMCPMC13254487

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.