SynthesisJournal of paediatrics and child health2026
Prevalence, Comparative Risk, and Predictors of Shock in Children With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe hyperinflammatory condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and is frequently complicated by cardiovascular dysfunction, particularly shock. Early recognition of shock in MIS-C is critical to reduce morbidity and mortality.
objectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prevalence, comparative risk, and predictors of shock among children with MIS-C, enhancing clinical management and informing future research.
methodsA systematic search of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science was conducted from database inception to 15 July 2025. Observational studies reporting prevalence, comparative risk or predictors of shock in children with MIS-C were included. Random-effects meta-analysis with Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation was used to estimate pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Relative risks (RR) were pooled for comparative analyses. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses and meta-regression were performed to explore heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's regression test.
resultsSeventy studies involving 13 263 children with MIS-C were included. The pooled prevalence of shock was 56% (95% CI: 49%-63%), although substantial heterogeneity was observed (I
conclusionThe certainty of evidence ranged from very low to low because of substantial heterogeneity, imprecision and methodological variability across studies. Despite these limitations, shock remains a frequent and serious complication of MIS-C, highlighting the importance of early cardiovascular assessment and timely recognition of high-risk children.
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