Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42271353›Full record

ArticleBMC pulmonary medicine2026

Risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacteria infection in lung transplant recipients.

Qi Wang, Qing Zhang, Jiankang Zhao, Mengyin Chen, Chun Wang, Li Zhao, Bin Xing, Lijuan Guo, Hong Chen, Bin Cao and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Qi Wang *National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Department of Lung Transplantation, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
Qing Zhang *National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
Jiankang ZhaoNational Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
Mengyin ChenNational Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Department of Lung Transplantation, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
Chun WangNational Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
Li ZhaoNational Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Department of Lung Transplantation, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
Bin XingNational Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Department of Lung Transplantation, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
Lijuan GuoNational Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Department of Lung Transplantation, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
Hong ChenDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
Bin CaoNational Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Department of Lung Transplantation, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China. caobin_ben@163.com.
Wenhui ChenNational Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Department of Lung Transplantation, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China. wenhuichen1004@sina.com.

Funding

Beijing Research-oriented Ward Program of the Beijing Municipal Health Commission 2022-YJXBF-03-04National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding 2025-NHLHCRF-JBGS-A-BZZN-02
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe incidence and number of deaths of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection in lung transplant recipients is on the rise. Risk factors for NTM infection after lung transplant are not well characterized.

methodsThis was a retrospective, single-center case-control study including patients who underwent lung transplantation (LTx) at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital between March 2018 and April 2024. A total of 23 NTM infection patients and 474 controls were enrolled in the study. Cox regression analysis and competing risks models were used to identify risk factors for NTM infection after LTx.

resultsThe incidence of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) (26.1% versus 8.2%; p value = 0.012) was higher in the NTM infection group than in controls. A 1:2 propensity score matching resulted in 18 NTM infection patients and 36 controls. The incidence of AMR in NTM infection group remained higher than in controls. Univariable Cox regression analysis revealed that the occurrence of AMR (hazard ratio [HR]5.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45-23.00; p value = 0.013) and CLAD (HR 3.40; 95% CI 1.03-11.19; p value = 0.044) were risk factors for NTM infection. Adjusted multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the occurrence of AMR was independently associated with increased risk of NTM infection. Competitive risk models showed that LTRs with AMR had a substantially higher cumulative incidence of NTM infection.

conclusionsOur findings suggest a possible association between AMR and NTM infection. In addition, this study provides clinicians with relevant information regarding NTM infection in this setting.

Indexed as

Graft RejectionLung TransplantationMycobacterium Infections, NontuberculousPostoperative ComplicationsAdultCase-Control StudiesChinaFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedNontuberculous MycobacteriaProportional Hazards ModelsRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsAMRLung transplantNTMRisk factors

Identifiers

PMID42271353
PMCPMC13483738

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.