Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42271160›Full record

ArticleNature microbiology2026

Immunogenicity of poxvirus A16/G9 entry-fusion subcomplex and its restriction by A56/K2 protein informs vaccine design.

Huibin Yu, Wolfgang Resch, Catherine A Cotter, Wei Xiao, Tase Karamanolis, Ahmed A Belghith, Maxinne A Ignacio, Patricia L Earl, Gary H Cohen, Bernard Moss

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Huibin YuLaboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. glbyudavis@aya.yale.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2430-272X
Wolfgang ReschCenter for Information Technology, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Catherine A CotterLaboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8916-3305
Wei XiaoLaboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Tase KaramanolisLaboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Ahmed A BelghithLaboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Maxinne A IgnacioLaboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Patricia L EarlLaboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Gary H CohenDepartment of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Bernard MossLaboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. bmoss@nih.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2154-8564

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Poxviruses rely on a conserved multiprotein entry-fusion complex, providing numerous potential antibody targets, although the immunogenicities of only a few have been analysed. Here we tested the ectodomains of ten orthopoxvirus entry-fusion complex proteins in rabbit and mouse immunization experiments and determined that six induce neutralizing antibodies. Focusing on the apical A16/G9 heterodimer, we show that it induces antibodies that prevent vaccinia virus (VACV) entry, cross-neutralize cowpox virus (CPXV) and monkeypox virus (MPXV), and protect mice against lethal challenge infections with VACV and CPXV. However, antibodies to A16/G9 had limited detection following infections with attenuated or virulent VACV, CPXV or MPXV, but were robustly induced upon immunization with recombinant VACVs secreting G9 or that have deletions of the genes encoding the viral fusion suppressor A56/K2 complex, which specifically binds A16/G9. Our work identifies previously unrecognized immunogens for incorporation into recombinant vaccines and characterizes a mode of immune evasion via the A56/K2 complex.

Indexed as

PoxviridaeViral Fusion ProteinsViral ProteinsViral VaccinesAnimalsAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralCowpox virusFemaleMicePoxviridae InfectionsRabbitsVaccine DevelopmentVaccinia virusVirus InternalizationAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralViral Fusion ProteinsViral ProteinsViral Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID42271160
PMCPMC13323091

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.