ArticleScientific reports2026
Preparation, characterization and in-vivo evaluation of nanoemulsion based hydrogel of ferulic acid in imiquimod-induced psoriasis in rats.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Psoriasis is skin inflammation caused by an immune system dysfunction, involving a complex interaction between immune cells and keratinocytes. The aim of this study was to develop nanoemulsion (NE) based hydrogel containing ferulic acid, a poorly water-soluble compound and evaluate its effect on imiquimod induced psoriasis like skin inflammation. Ferulic acid nanoemulsion (FA-NE) was prepared by ultra-sonication method. Castor oil, Tween-80 and propylene glycol were selected for NE preparation as oil phase surfactant and cosurfactant respectively based on solubility. The NE particle size (29.8 ± 0.49 nm) was within colloidal range, polydispersity index (0.21 ± 0.02) showed homogenous NE, zeta potential (28.5 ± 0.57 mV) indicated stable NE. Entrapment efficiency (96.26 ± 0.33%) and pH (6.8 ± 0.15) was also in suitable range. The rheological study results of FA-NE hydrogel indicated pseudoplastic behavior. The pH and spreadibility were 6.2 ± 0.15 and 8.2 ± 0.89 respectively, suitable for topical application. The optimized FA-NE hydrogel was tested on male Wistar rats (100-150 g) divided into five groups (n = 5). Psoriasis like disease was induced by applying 5% imiquimod (IMQ) cream for 7 days on the shaved dorsal skin of four groups (except normal group) and psoriasis area severity index (PASI) scoring were calculated. The application of optimized FA-NE hydrogel dramatically reduced TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17 A, IL-23, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde and catalase biomarkers when compared to the disease group. These results were consistent with the in-silico docking studies with highest docking score observed with TNF-α. The treatment group's spleen index reduced significantly. Histopathological findings showed increased capillaries, skin thinning, small dermal projections, and inflammatory cells around blood vessels with 5% IMQ cream application and FA-NE hydrogel greatly reduced these psoriatic changes. Immunohistochemical Ki-67 analysis demonstrated that disease control rats expressed more protein than normal, treatment, and standard animals. The FA-NE hydrogel effectively reduced inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model of psoriasis, suggesting its potential as a topical treatment.
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