ArticleNature communications2026
Nanometre-precision terahertz interferometry for battery electrode metrology.
Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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11 authors.
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Abstract
High-precision, non-destructive thickness measurement is essential for lithium-ion battery (LIB) manufacturing. Existing approaches, such as X-rays, acoustic waves, and optical lasers, are limited by speed, resolution, or penetration into conductive materials. Here, we demonstrate nanometre-precision thickness measurements of LIB electrodes using terahertz (THz) Fabry-Pérot (FP) interferometry referenced to a photonic frequency comb. Combining the comb's SI-traceable frequency accuracy with THz radiation's immunity to scattering and absorption, our system directly detects FP modes with sub-10 MHz precision at sweep rates exceeding 12 THz/s, while spectral analysis simultaneously yields the complex refractive index. Electrode thicknesses of 50-150 μm are measured with nanometre precision: 70.1 nm (anode) and 465.5 nm (cathode) at 0.2 s, improving to 7.8 nm and 25.2 nm at 25.6 s, representing a one-to-two orders of magnitude improvement over temporal-analysis methods. The system further supports 3D profiling and dynamic thickness monitoring, enabling a unified, calibration-free platform for next-generation LIB metrology.
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