Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42270097›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2026

Randomised multiple centre trial of conservative versus liberal fluid administration for children receiving a kidney transplant (LIMITS): clinical trial protocol.

Nuala D M Calder, Fotini Kaloyirou, James Griffiths, Rosie Brown, Cara Hudson, Rupa Sharma, Hayley Hardwick, Lousie Oni, Chris Callaghan, Matt Stevenson and 7 more

Abstract readClinical Trial Protocol
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Nuala D M CalderCentre for Bladder and Kidney Health, University College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-8701-7968
Fotini KaloyirouNHS Blood and Transplant Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge, UK.
James GriffithsNHS Blood and Transplant Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge, UK.
Rosie BrownNHS Blood and Transplant Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge, UK.
Cara HudsonNHS Blood and Transplant Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge, UK.
Rupa SharmaNHS Blood and Transplant Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge, UK.
Hayley HardwickDepartment of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Lousie OniCentre for Bladder and Kidney Health, University College London, London, UK.
Chris CallaghanDepartment of Nephrology and Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
Matt StevensonSchool of Health and Health Related Research, University of Sheffield School of Health and Related Research, Sheffield, UK.
Mohan ShenoyDepartment of Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK.
Ben ReynoldsDepartment of Nephrology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK.
Stephen MarksDepartment of Paediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Trust, London, UK.
Jo WrayDepartment of Psychology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-1211
Helen ThomasNHS Blood and Transplant Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge, UK.
Mark J PetersPaediatric Intensive Care Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Trust, London, UK.
Wesley HayesDepartment of Paediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Trust, London, UK Wesley.Hayes@kispi.uzh.ch.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIn current practice, fluid volumes administered to children following kidney transplant vary widely. Up to 52% of children experience fluid overload-related complications. Current fluid guidelines are not evidence-based and the optimal amount of fluid for children after transplant is not known. The aim of Randomised multiple centre trial of conservative versus LIberal fluid adMInisTration for children receiving a kidney tranSplant (LIMITS) is to determine whether relative limitation of fluid volume administered to children receiving kidney transplants is superior to liberal fluid volume administration. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: LIMITS is a pragmatic, open-label, UK-based, multicentre randomised controlled trial, with an internal pilot phase and integrated economic evaluation. A total of 140 children receiving kidney transplants will be randomised to receive either conservative postoperative fluid administration (maximum of 150 mL/m ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The trial received Health Research Authority approval on 20 August 2025 (REC reference: 25/EE/0161, IRAS project ID: 354370). Findings will be presented to academic groups via national and international conferences and peer-reviewed journals. The patient and public involvement group will play an important part in disseminating the study findings to the public domain. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN21516608.

Indexed as

Fluid TherapyKidney TransplantationPostoperative CareAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolCost-Benefit AnalysisFemaleHumansMaleMulticenter Studies as TopicPragmatic Clinical Trials as TopicRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicResearch DesignUnited KingdomFluid TherapyHEALTH ECONOMICSPaediatric nephrologyPaediatric transplant surgeryRenal transplantation

Identifiers

PMID42270097
PMCPMC13264947

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.