ArticlePloS one2026
Phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and enzyme inhibitory properties of Onosma thracica extracts: A comparative study of extraction methods.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Onosma thracica is a promising natural source of bioactive phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, yet the influence of extraction technique on its chemical profile and biological properties remains unclear. In this study, methanol extracts prepared by maceration (MAC), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and Soxhlet extraction (SOE) were comparatively investigated in terms of their detailed phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity, enzyme inhibitory activity, and in silico interaction patterns of individual compounds. Among the tested methods, UAE yielded the highest total phenolic content (45.41 mg GAEs/g extract), whereas SOE produced the richest flavonoid content (71.05 mg REs/g extract). LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis showed that luteolin-7-glucoside and apigenin-7-glucoside were the dominant flavonoids, while chlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid were the major phenolic acids. Biological assays revealed method-dependent differences in activity. UAE was more effective in total antioxidant capacity and reducing power, while SOE showed stronger radical scavenging and metal chelating performance. In enzyme inhibition assays, SOE displayed the strongest acetylcholinesterase inhibition, whereas tyrosinase inhibition was similar across the extracts. Correlation analysis indicated that the observed bioactivities were closely associated with the overall phenolic composition (including flavonoid constituents), particularly with luteolin-7-glucoside and rosmarinic acid. Docking studies showed favorable interactions of apigenin-7-glucoside and luteolin-7-glucoside with human α-amylase, apigenin-7-glucoside and luteolin with acetylcholinesterase, and rosmarinic acid with human tyrosinase-related protein 1, suggesting that these major phenolic constituents may contribute to the observed bioactivities of O. thracica. The results demonstrate that extraction method markedly shapes the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of O. thracica, and they support further work aimed at optimizing its potential pharmacological use.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.